Washing Soda vs Baking Soda: What It Is + How to Make It

Turn Baking Soda Into Washing Soda
Learn how to turn baking soda into washing soda for use in all sorts of homemade green cleaning recipes!

Quick Recipe (full recipe below!)

Spread baking soda on a baking sheet and bake at 400°F (200°C) for 30 minutes to 1 hour, stirring once halfway. The heat converts baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) into washing soda (sodium carbonate).

What is washing soda?

Washing soda is the common name for sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), also called soda ash. It’s a highly alkaline natural cleaner (pH of about 11) that softens hard water, cuts grease, and boosts laundry detergent.

However, unlike baking soda, it’s very caustic and not edible, so wear gloves when handling it.

You’ll find it in the laundry aisle, or you can make it at home from plain baking soda. Several of the homemade cleaning recipes here on Nature’s Nurture call for it, and this post covers everything: what it is, how it differs from baking soda, how to make it, and where to buy it.

Baking Soda vs. Washing Soda: What’s the Difference?

Baking SodaWashing Soda
Chemical NameSodium bicarbonateSodium carbonate
FormulaNaHCO3Na2CO3
pH~8.3 (mild)~11 (strong)
Safe to eat?YesNo
Best forCooking, deodorizingHeavy cleaning, water softening, laundry
Where to findAny grocery storeLaundry aisle or make from baking soda
Turn Baking Soda Into Washing Soda

How to Make Washing Soda

By Sarah UmmYusuf
Turn baking soda into washing soda in your oven — one ingredient, 30 minutes.
Total Time 30 minutes

Equipment

  • baking soda

Ingredients
  

  • 1 shallow metal pan not aluminum as it reacts to baking soda and washing soda

Instructions
 

  • Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C)
  • Place baking soda on the pan and spread it across in a flat layer.
    turn baking soda into washing soda
  • Bake the baking soda in the oven for about 30 minutes, stirring it up every 10 minutes to ensure it bakes evenly.
  • You'll know it's done when it starts to change composition: it will look more dull, grainy, and won't clump at all.
    turn baking soda into washing soda

Notes

Once you know the differences between the 2 sodas, you’ll be able to tell in no time.
Baking soda is powdery, crystallized, and clumps together.
Washing soda is more grainy, dull, and it doesn’t clump as easily.
You can see the difference above: baking soda on the left, and washing soda on the right. See how the baking soda likes to clump together, and the washing soda is more flat and spread out?
Tried this recipe?Let me know in the comments!

Caution

Washing soda should be handled with care, as it is very caustic. Always wear gloves if handling it directly, and never inhale the dust particles (wear a mask if needed).

The Science of Turning Baking Soda into Washing Soda

The process that turns baking soda into washing soda is a nifty thing called thermal decomposition.

Baking soda isn’t very stable at higher temperatures. When you heat it to around 400°F (200°C), it breaks down into three things: washing soda (sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃), carbon dioxide gas (CO₂), and water vapor (H₂O).

The gases escape into the air, leaving behind a more alkaline, more powerful cleaning agent.

Chemically, the reaction looks like this:
2 NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O

You can actually observe the change as it happens. The powder becomes drier and more grainy, and it loses about a third of its weight as gas escapes.

If you dissolve a little in water, the difference is even clearer: washing soda produces a much more alkaline solution than baking soda (you can test it with pH strips!). Another quick test: add vinegar. Baking soda fizzes vigorously, while washing soda produces much less bubbling.

It’s a great example of how a bit of heat can completely change the chemistry—and usefulness—of a common household ingredient.

Where to Buy Washing Soda

Here are a few places to look for washing soda before you decide if you need to make it at home.

  • Grocery or big box stores: It’s usually in the laundry aisle next to all the laundry boosters.
  • Pool cleaner aisle: The brand name is AquaChem. Just make sure the only ingredient listed is sodium carbonate!
  • Online sources: You can also find it at Amazon. Or for my fellow Canadian readers, you can also find it at Well.ca.

What Can You Make with Washing Soda?


Washing Soda FAQs

Trusted alternative to homemade cleaners

For those times you’re not in the mood for homemade, I’ve just discovered a pretty neat alternative that’s not only safe and non-toxic, but low-waste and eco-friendly as well!

TrulyFree makes refillable cleaning products that are safe and sustainable. They work on a subscription model, but unlike other subscriptions you may have tried, there are no commitments and you can always change your products or delivery date.

Your first order automatically includes a reusable bottle or jug along with the cleaning solution, and you’ll only need to order the refills after that. TrulyFree seems to have really figured out the right balance between safety sustainability. And they have probably the widest selection of natural cleaning products I’ve ever seen from one company.

I’m so impressed by TrulyFree and what they stand for, and excited to share that you can use the code: NURTURE30 and get 30% off your entire order!

Sarah UmmYusuf

Author | Teacher | Mentor

Hi, I'm Sarah—a wife, mother, and passionate advocate for natural, non-toxic living. I've been creating DIY cleaning recipes and sharing non-toxic product recommendations for over 15 years. In 2021, I published my first book, Journey to a Non-Toxic Home, your practical guide to a natural, healthy home.

READ MORE

156 thoughts on “Washing Soda vs Baking Soda: What It Is + How to Make It”

  1. The word you want is ‘bear’ not ‘bare’, unless, of course, you are inviting your readers to disrobe. This may seem nitpicky, but people who do not use words correctly are perceived as being less credible and less likely to be believed.

  2. I can easily get Washing Soda at my local Walmart – but I cannot pay for it with my food stamps like I can with white vinegar. I use white vinegar to clean just about everything, and/or baking soda. Since I cannot work, and am waiting for disability to come through, there is very little assistance that I qualify for (no matter HOW much I have paid into the system over the years) So, for me to fork out cash money hurts.
    Now I know how to turn baking soda into washing soda!!! Yaaayyyy!!
    Will it harm bread if I am baking at the same time (hate to waste a hot oven)?

    1. Honestly, I don’t know about the bread thing because I’ve never tried it. If you do try it, I’d love to hear about it! Take care 🙂

  3. Very serious issue with a lot of these natural DIY recipes. It isn’t necessary to use Arm and Hammer. If you have ever seen an animal having chemicals burn their eyes while in a head vice you would know there is nothing natural in that. Bob Red Mill is a little more, but frugal shouldn’t mean cruelty. Sorry to be a downer, but someone has to speak for the voiceless and defenseless.

    Please consider humane when choosing ingredients.

    1. Diana, no need to apologize. You’re absolutely right, and I only just recently came to know about these issues with Arm and Hammer. We use Bob’s Red Mill for not just baking soda, but lots of other things like arrowroot powder, oats, etc. I really need to get on it and create a new graphic for this post. Thanks for the reminder!

    2. Thank you so much for pointing that out, and yes it is a VERY IMPORTANT ISSUE. This was my quest, to find a recipe for homemade laundry detergent that didn’t use borax so it would be cruelty free. Then people started saying about A&H testing on animals and now they could make cruelty free products and I wondered how when it was still A&H baking soda too!! I did not know that there was any other brand of baking soda besides A&H. I have never seen Bob Red Mill baking soda. Is there any other brand that is cruelty free?? I would feel SO MUCH BETTER using one that is. I really hope that the day will come soon when there will be NO TESTING ON ANIMALS FOR ANYTHING!!!! It is very barbaric and inhumane and needs to be stopped. Thank you so much Diana for speaking for the voiceless!! Kudos and much appreciation to you.

      1. I know, Beverly – I hope we see that day sooner rather than later as well. You can find Bob’s Red Mill online at Amazon or at your local health foods store. I’m not sure what other brands are cruelty free. Hmmm, now you’ve got me thinking about doing a whole blog post on this!

  4. Oh my goodness…. thank you for this very informative post. I am looking for washing soda. However, I live in Spain and have just realised that I have been using washing soda to bake with, because they more or less don’t bake here, and if they do, they don’t use baking soda!!! I had been wondering why the “baking” (not) soda here looked more grainy, and far too often left a salty taste in my baking. Thank you for explaining. Now if somebody could just tell me how to turn bicarbonato sodico back into baking soda – lol!

  5. I love this. I can’t find store-brand washing soda, and because I do my very best to avoid the bad companies that do animal testing (like Arm & Hammer), I love that I can make washing soda now, reducing waste and at least letting ME be cruelty-free. (Next…finding grass-fed beef…somewhere…)

  6. Thanks for the helpful helpful post. Just curious, how long will it take to bake the baking soda into washing soda?

  7. I’ve made my laundry soap for 30 yrs.I finally got my 40 something daughter to make some as her daughter has allergies from hel* an was sick all last yr. My daughter washed EVERYTHING in it and guess what healthy as a horse!!! Now she has 5-10 gallons at all times ready to go. Haha kids 🙂

  8. Just an extra tip: hunting for washing soda in your supermarket might be a pain, but soda ash (also sodium carbonate), can be found easily at any pool cleaning supplier. It’s used in reducing chroline levels.

  9. I’ve been using a washing soda, Dawn, and Borax mixture for laundry for a couple of months and it is every bit as good as any commercial detergent for pennies instead of dollars. Both my husband and I think it’s better, actually. Thanks for publishing the difference between those two….but I’ll buy the washing soda because I can get a much larger box of it than I can the baking soda.

  10. Is washing soda supposed to get really hot when water is added to it? I never noticed before but recently I had some water on my hand and touch some of my homemade washing soda and it was extremely hot! I know washing soda is caustic but I didn’t think it would heat up like lye!

    1. Wow, never had that happen before! But I’m usually pretty cautious when working with these ingredients. Thanks for the heads up though!

  11. I love this idea. I’ve been looking for another brand of washing soda since I went vegan three months ago, and decided to start making my own cleaning products. Arm and Hammer tests on animals, and I can’t contribute to that. I’m favoriting, and will definitely refer back to this article many times. 🙂

  12. I sent my husband to the store for me (obviously a mistake lol) for washing soda to make detergent. He comes back with 3 huge boxes of baking soda. You just saved his butt! Lol

  13. Just a silly question, when using baking soda in the fridge/freezer for odors they recommend changing the box every month – can you make washing soda with this “used” baking soda with this method? It seems like such a waste to just toss the baking soda…

    1. Not a silly question at all, Tm! It’s actually a great question, but unfortunately I’m not really sure. I tried to do a quick search just now but didn’t find anything. I don’t use baking soda in the fridge so I’ve never tried making washing soda out of it either. We buy our baking soda in bulk because it’s a main component of our household cleaning, so it’s very cheap. I’m sorry I couldn’t be of more help. :-/

      1. I would imagine if the baking soda in question has been sitting in your refrigerator for that purpose, it probably won’t impart a fresh smell to your laundry; I know mine isn’t too pretty smelling when I toss it. It’s not bad, but not neutral, either.

        You might, however, still use it as a scrub for pots an pans or for bathroom surfaces, in lieu of kitchen cleanser, as it shouldn’t lose its abrasive properties. Try mixing in a little dishwashing liquid to slightly emulsify it and help its cleaning properties.

  14. Founder & Editor of theREALmeMAGAZINE here. I just published a laundry soap recipe on my Financial Tips & Tricks page. I will include the above information, as well. theREALmeMAGAZINE is the new interactive, online magazine that informs, encourages, and celebrates today’s REAL woman!

  15. I know these are old posts but I was told we could but very hot water on baking soda and that it does the same thing if you let it sit for a bit. Has anybody heard if this is accurate? It would just save a step in the laundry soap making process. It makes sense too that it would work! Thanks for the info!

  16. hi there! Just a quick question (or bit of feedback). I did this just now, I baked 1 c of baking soda at 400, I stirred every 10 minutes for about 50 minutes (in a convection oven). The consistency slightly changed, but not dramatically. Tired of waiting and unsure exactly what I was looking for, I went ahead and took it out, thinking it must be done. I used it to make the liquid laundry detergent, and as I am making it, the detergent is not coagulating. Could it be b/c of the improper conversion of the baking soda to washing soda? I am going to try and use the uncoagulated detergent anyway – as I have a lot of time invested into this little project! Thoughts?

    1. Hey Jolee, Hmm, not sure what happened. 50 minutes seems like more than enough time in the oven. Maybe it was an older box of baking soda? There is a definite difference between the unbaked and baked soda, if you look at them together under some light, it’s very clear.

      I would’ve gone ahead and tried the detergent anyways as well, so I’m interested to hear how it worked out for you!

      1. Thanks Sarah! I’ve got some soap nuts on the way, so hopefully they’ll work well. If not I’ll be baking some baking soda. 🙂
        Thanks for sharing!

    1. I’m sorry you had such a bad experience, Barbara! I’ve never had problems with a powdery mess… Wondering where the issue may have occurred.

      1. I’m sorry–but I don’t know where in your post it says to “make a paste.” I’m reading your directions as “sprinkle baking soda into a pan and bake it at 400 degrees.” Further up-thread, it’s suggested that the evaporating process of baking the baking soda means the powder gives up its water content. Could you please clarify? Thanks!

        1. Hi thatgirl,

          I’m so sorry and thanks for bringing this to my attention! My response to the other commenter (Barbara) was actually wrong. I thought she was referring to another post (one on making a baking soda scrub for blackheads!), so please disregard my comment…I’ve gone back and edited it to reflect that. So, just to clarify again, there is NO PASTE here! 🙂

    2. Try spreading out the baking soda on parchment paper, enough paper to go up the sides of your tray or baking dish. Then you can pick up the edges when cooled and pour it into a storage container (I use metal peanut can from Costco peanuts because it’s a good size and comes with a nice plastic lid–or a home food storage can from powdered milk and the like is the same thing, just usually taller than the peanut can). Reynold’s brand parchment paper can handle 420 degrees Fahrenheit but not higher, so this will work with the recipe/instructions here in this blog. Bake the baking soda according to the parchment paper requirement (which may be below 400 on a different product and in which case it may need more time.) I also found similar information for baking your own washing soda at http://hollythehomemaker.blogspot.com/2012/03/how-to-make-washing-soda.html. Hope this is helpful. Washing soda really helps with cleaning laundry both of dinginess and of smelliness (great for little ones’ accidents when they are learning to use the potty).

      1. You could also use foil on your pan, instead of parchment paper, the parchment paper just makes a nice funnel, more easily than foil.

      2. I was actually standing above my stove, parchment paper in one hand, foil in the other. I wasn’t sure if the bit of slickness from the parchment paper would leech into the soda, so I opted for foil. If it works w/parchment paper tho, that’s easier to cut for me. Thanks!

  17. I saw online that u can find washing soda at ACE Hardware. looking to make my own laundry soap to save money. hope this helps. most small towns have at least 1 ACE.

    1. I would say yes, reuse that baking soda! Also, the BEST thing I’ve used for refrigerator odors (and we’re talking failed-fridge-on-vacation-come-home-to-nasty-awful-stuff type of odors) is charcoal (WITHOUT LIGHTER FLUID ALREADY IN IT!!!!!!!) One can clean up from a mess like that with almost anything (baking soda, vinegar, surface wipes, bleach, etc.) but there’s no way to get into the insulation, etc. The charcoal absorbs this in a couple of days, sometimes a little longer. You can put it in your fridge like baking soda all the time for the normal odors, just change it regularly as you would baking soda. I’ve even used it in the barbeque for candle making so I don’t waste it. I’d say the everyday use of it in place of baking soda in a clean fridge could be reused to cook with on the bbq, too. Some say it can be composted and I would agree (see http://forums2.gardenweb.com/forums/load/soil/msg11205547592.html a few posts down the page by david52 about the content of charcoal briquettes)

    1. Thanks db! Love the name of your blog, looking forward to checking out some more. 🙂

      By the way, I grew up in south Florida 😉

  18. really. i make laundry soap going on 5 years now. i took 2 different recipes and made my own version and then added more to it.

  19. Thank you soo much! I live in the Seattle area and can’t find washing soda anywhere! I have been checking online, and it is not so cheap, around $8 for 32oz. I can get 16oz of baking soda at the dollar store for .59, so there is no beating the price of making my own!

    1. I’m in a suburb of Seattle and Fred Meyer has Arm & Hammer Washing Soda in the laundry aisle near the Borax and Fels Naptha, but this make-your-own stuff seems to work great. Don’t really know if it’s cost effective as far as the energy used in the oven, but probably is because the baking soda is SO cheap (I’ve gotten it at Fred Meyer-their brand-for .69; Costco also has those huge bags of baking soda), and we use the residual heat for the house (leaving the door open AFTER baking — NEVER HEAT YOUR HOME WITH THE OVEN, ESPECIALLY WITH GAS!) if you don’t want to make it, try Fred Meyer, or I’ve heard Walmart has it but I haven’t checked. I have to wonder about what baking soda is doing in cookies, especially if overdone. . .

  20. Hi Sarah! I just found your blog today and love it! I’ve been making my own laundry soap for 3 years. I use a variation of the Duggar Family recipe. I’ve also had a hard time finding washing soda. I think I’ve only seen it at Walmart once and no where else. However, the Duggars say in their recipe that washing soda is sodium carbonate, which you can find anywhere that sells swimming pool chemicals! Just look for Sodium Carbonate. I paid around $7 or $8 3 years ago for a canister of it and just ran out on my last batch ( we have 4 kiddos and 2 adults, that equals ALOT of laundry!)

    1. Thanks for stopping by, Kelly! And thanks for the info on washing soda! I’ve heard you can find it in the pool aisle, so I’m glad someone’s actually found it there and confirmed for us 🙂

  21. Hey Sarah,

    This is interesting use for Baking Soda, I am trying to raise awareness in the UK about the many uses of baking soda. (Its not very common here.)

    Is it ok for me to link your website? I love this post in particular.

    Thanks,

    Jess

  22. Great tip, Sarah. While looking for homemade recipes in lieu of expensive store-bought dishwasher rinse aid, I stumpled upon this. Seems so many things are now offered as synthetic, chemical substitutes, and the average person is no longer aware of the basic, fundamental ingredients that actually work as well or better than the fancy stuff – any usually far cheaper.
    Just a note – I read through the instructions two or three times, but no where does it mention mixing the baking soda with water prior to baking, although it’s implied (water steam).

    1. Hi Ron! Yes, that’s why I started this blog, to remind myself and others that most commercial (and chemically laden) products can actually be made right at home with basic ingredients!
      With regards to your note, you’re not actually adding water to the baking soda. The water and carbon dioxide just bake off during the heating process. Hope that helps clarify, and thanks for stopping by!

  23. I like this idea, however I always just throw baking soda into my laundry soap it helps with those terrible smoke odours that my fiancee has from smoking….also helps make my whites white lol….but I am definatley going to try this!

  24. I’ve been buying washing soda for years, but the last time I went to buy it, I couldn’t find it anywhere. Went to lots of places with different Supplies (my Dad was a Grocer, so I know which stores are supplied by whom) , before finally finding some at Walmart (which was my last resort). I can usually find either Arm and Hammer Washing Soda, or Amaze by Sunlight.

    It was weird. I bought 2 boxes, so I haven’t been looking since then, but it makes me wonder if there was some sort of problem with the supply chain.

    1. I know what you mean! I’ve had times where I couldn’t find it anywhere, and others where it was all over the place, LOL. That’s why I’m so happy I found this recipe, because baking soda is so readily available, even in big bulk bags too! 🙂

    1. Thanks Chele! I just perused your blog, and I LOVE it! I’m adding you to my “Blogs I Love” page and just subscribed to your RSS 🙂 Looking forward to reading more! Take care and God Bless…

    1. I did a search for a good recipe, and my search (after looking at 7 other posts / recipes) brought me here. So thank you Sarah. Love the recipe. My new dish-washing liquid is cooling on the counter. I can’t wait to use it. Actually I already did 🙂

  25. Hi! Thanks for sharing this post. Any suggestions on substitutions for borax? I cannot get it where I live & and want to try to make laundry soap. Thanks!!!

    1. Dear Penny, Please know that it was NOT my intention to withhold credit where credit was due. I meant to link the “stumbled upon this idea” part to your post and in my editor it did indeed look like it was linked (even when I checked it now), but it seems there was an error in the html. Please accept my apologies for this, as I would never attempt to steal someone else’s work. If you read my other posts, you will see that for most posts, I credit back to the original author.

      Again, please accept my apologies openly, and publicly here on my site. I hope this doesn’t create a rift between us or leave any negative feelings or vibes.

      With my humblest apologies,
      Sarah @ Nature’s Nurture

      1. Apology accepted. I know what html snafus are like…
        I also have to add that its not always easy to know what the terms of netiquette are, and I wish there were a book out there that would detail word for word when you should credit people and how, because its not so easy to know that!!!

        You have a great blog here, and I look forward to coming back to check it out again.

  26. Ran this by my chemist husband. This is his response:

    “Chemically, we can convert NaHCO3 to Na2CO3, but I would be very surprised if we could accomplish that at 400F. I’d have to look up the heat of activation for each of those and calculate the temperature.

    This would be an interim step, though, so if we heat it too long it would continue to degrade into NaO + CO2, which is not what we want. So we would need to have an indicator as to when to stop the heating process.

    My question would be – why would you want to do this?

    If it’s to save money, then we would need to verify if the difference in cost between the two plus the energy to run the oven for 30 minutes merits this.

    But it’s an interesting idea.

    Hope this helps!”

    I explained to him the “Why?” of not being able to find it in the store. So I guess bottom line is if you can find it buy it but if you can’t give this a go.

    1. Bless you… I was just wondering about that! I CAN find it. All of the grocery stores in my area carry Washing Soda right next to the Borax and Fels Naptha bar soap (the 3 ingredients for making laundry detergent)

      1. I am glad so many can find it in thier area. As for me I have to drive over 40 miles to a bigger store to find it. Sometimes its sold out when I get there. This is a fill in for those who would like to make it when they can travel over 40 miles or more (Amarillo is 120 miles away)
        Thank you for another solution and keep up the helpful hints.

    2. The 99c Store (we have them in California) sell boxes of Arm & Hammer Baking Soda for $0.79 each. That makes it more cost effective to make than to buy Washing Soap IF one can find it. 🙂

    3. what is nao? i tried googling but all i find is na20. I ask because i cooked some baking soda, and now whatever i have made heats up when water is added to it (i guess its called heat of solution?). I am curious if i made something besides sodium carbonate. can you ask your husband?

  27. Anne @ Quick and Eas

    That is seriously the coolest thing I’ve seen in a long time! Thanks for linking up to Healthy 2Day Wednesday, and come back next time to see if you were featured!

    1. Welcome, Joanne! Thanks for sharing your tip! Also, thanks for sharing my link everywhere 😉 I just went ahead and Liked your FB page, following you on Twitter, and subscribed to your feed 🙂 Hope you’ll join us again next week!

  28. No kidding! I never knew that you could bake it like this. Brilliant.

    Thanks so much for linking up with Feed Me Friday this week. Looking forward to reading more from you!

    1. It really is brilliant, isn’t it? Thanks for stopping by, Emily! That cole slaw recipe looks amazing! Can’t wait to try it 🙂

      1. Hi Sara I’m new to your blog and am from South Africa. Thanx ever so much! Found it all very interesting. Want to share the coleslaw recipe? Fresh cabbage has an ingredient which fights tumours big time! So its a favourite in our house. Does your eczema get better or worse when you swim in the sea? There is a company in the US called Sportron International. They make a Spa liquid for home use. It contains seaweed…hence the q about swimming. I used it on a 2 yr old boy who had seriously weeping open eczema with amazing results within 2,3 days. All you do is put a cap full in your quite warm bath water and soak for 20 mins. Seaweed sloughs dead skin and stimulates regrowth of new skin. You can message me on FB Clematis Scholes, if you have questions.

  29. Thanks for the wonderful tip. I use regular baking soda with vinegar to clean the sinks and bathtub, but didn’t know how to use baking soda for washing clothes. It’s such a natural and inexpensive way to clean!

  30. I’ve been looking all over the place for washing soda so that I could make homemade laundry detergent, so this post is just what I’ve needed! Thanks:)

  31. Ok, girlfriend… this is for serious awesome. I dont actually follow all that many blogs because it seems like 90% of the posts arent that useful but Im telling you each one of your blog posts is useful. this is great… I was just at Costco yesterday looking at the price of their eco-friendly laundry detergent and thinking maybe I should give making my own a try when Im done with my current bottle. This is a great tip, Sarah, thanks!

    Im excite d to join the carnival today. I posted two “tips”, one from my archive and one I did today. thanks for starting this, I look forward to reading everyone elses stuff tonight when kiddo is in bed. God bless!

    1. Thank you for posting this. I’m not particularly science minded so have a gazillion things to learn still. I buy baking soda from Costco in HUGE bags so always have it in stock. Now the washing soda was something I was getting at Amazon so now I can be even MORE frugal, less of a footprint (“green” thing) and even though I don’t understand the chemical formula I can know this simple thing by heart and save exasperation when I’m only missing the one thing for a recipe/formula in cleaning. Head bowed in gratitude for what will be with me the rest of my life. clap clap clap (and to Jerica from Sustain, Create & Flow.

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